IMPACT OF SELECTED YOGIC PRACTICES ON MUSCULAR STRENGTH, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE, FLEXIBILITY AND AGILITY OF FEMALE KHO-KHO PLAYERS

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of yoga training on muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and agility of female kho-kho players. For this purpose, a sample of forty (N=40) female kho-kho players of age ranging from 14 to 17 years were selected from Laxmi Narayan Inter College, Meja, Prayagraj. Further, the subjects were purposively divided in two groups. First group, designated as experimental group (N1=20) and the second one as control group (N2=20). All the participants were informed about the objectives and methodology of this study and they volunteered to participate in this experimental study. The study was restricted to the variables: muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and agility. The same were measured by using Flexed Arms Hang Test, Sit-Ups Test, Sit and Reach Test and Shuttle Run Test respectively. Experimental group have undergone yoga training for 6 week by following a sequence of selected yogic asanas. Paired sample t-test was applied to study the effects of yoga training on female kho-kho players. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results revealed significant differences between pre and post-tests of experimental group in respect to Muscular strength (t-6.946*), Muscular endurance (t-9.863*), Flexibility (t-11.052*) and Agility (t-14.068*). However, insignificant differences were observed between pre and post-tests of control group.

Programmed ventricular stimulation in structural heart disease: Implications of patterns of ventricular arrhythmias induced to long-term outcomes

Introduction: Currently available data gives some credence to utility of VT induction studies in patients with stable ischemic cardiomyopathy, there are some unresolved questions as to define sensitive threshold for low-risk and the prognostic relevance of ill sustained or non-specific tachycardia on induction study. We evaluated potential ability of VT inducibility to predict likelihood of SHD (Structural heart disease) patients for subsequent arrhythmic or adverse cardiac events. Material and Methods: All consecutive patients with syncope/documented arrhythmia who had VT induction done were included and patients with VT storm, ACS,uncontrolled HF were excluded. We studied in 4 groups-monomorphic VT, sustained polymorphicVT, ill sustainedVT/VF and no VT/VF induced. The primary-endpoints were e Sudden death, all-cause mortality and secondary-endpoints were e MACE (AICD shock, death,HF, recurrence of VT). We screened 411 patients and included 169 within inducible (n ¼ 79) and non-inducible group (n ¼ 90). Results: There were a higher number of patients with coronary artery disease, LV dysfunction, patients on amiodarone in inducible group and no difference in usage of beta-blockers. Recurrence of VT, composite of MACE was significantly higher in inducible group (p < 0.05). Mortality was not different in 3 groups compared with no VT/VF group. We found that monomorphic VT group had significantly higher MACE as compared to others and also predicted recurrence of VT and AICD shock and showed a trend towards significance for prediction of mortality. Inducible patients on AICD had mortality similar to noninducible group. Conclusion: Induction of monomorphicVT/polymorphicVT with 3extrastimuli is associated with a higher number of MACE events on follow up. Induction of monomorphicVT predicts recurrence of VT/ICD shock.

Rediscovering the relevance of clinical medicine with a case of Chilaiditi’s syndrome

Chilaiditi’s sign is a rare radiological diagnosis characterized by colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver, and when symptomatic it is known as Chilaiditi’s syndrome. We report that the case of a 55-years-old male, who was referred to our institution as a case of colitis, with the symptoms of recurrent vomiting, pain abdomen, and altered bowel habit, was eventually diagnosed to have Chilaiditi’s syndrome with non-specific colitis, after carefully taking the history and clinically examining the patient

EFFECT OF SELECTED YOGIC PRACTICES ON VITAL CAPACITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of selected yogic practices on vital capacity among college students. To achieve this purpose of the study, forty male students were selected as subjects who were from the various Department of Ewing Christian College, Prayagraj. The selected subjects were aged between 17 to 19 years. They were divided into two equal groups of twenty each, Group I underwent yogic exercise practice and group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular sports and games practices. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables such as vo2 max prior to any immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as vo2 max was measuring by queen's college step test. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on vo2 max.

Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India

Background & objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has triggered social stigma towards individuals affected and their families. This study describes the process undertaken for the development and validation of scales to assess stigmatizing attitudes and experiences among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 participants from the community. Methods: COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale constituting 13 and six items, respectively, were developed based on review of literature and news reports, expert committee evaluation and participants’ interviews through telephone for a multicentric study in India. For content validity, 61 (30 COVID-19-recovered and 31 non-COVID-19 participants from the community) were recruited. Test–retest reliability of the scales was assessed among 99 participants (41 COVID-19 recovered and 58 non-COVID-19). Participants were administered the scale at two-time points after a gap of 7-12 days. Cronbach’s alpha, overall percentage agreement and kappa statistics were used to assess internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Results: Items in the scales were relevant and comprehensible. Both the scales had Cronbach’s ? above 0.6 indicating moderate-to-good internal consistency. Test–retest reliability assessed using kappa statistics indicated that for the COVID-19 Stigma Scale, seven items had a moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). For the Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale, four items had a moderate agreement. Interpretation & conclusions: Validity and reliability of the two stigma scales indicated that the scales were comprehensible and had moderate internal consistency. These scales could be used to assess COVID-19 stigma and help in the development of appropriate stigma reduction interventions for COVID-19 infected, and mitigation of stigmatizing attitudes in the community.

Efficacy of interventional treatment strategies for managing patients with cervicogenic headache: a systematic review / 대한마취과학회지

Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is caused by the disorder of the cervical spine and its anatomical structures. Patients who fail to respond to conservative therapies can undergo interventional treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the various interventions and compare their relative efficacies. Although a few reviews have been published focusing on individual interventions, reviewing studies on other available treatments and establishing the most efficacious approach is still necessary. We performed a systematic review of studies available on the various interventions for CeH. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for literature published between January 2001 and March 2021. Based on the inclusion criteria, 23 articles were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the studies and summarized them in a table. Eleven of twenty-three studies evaluated the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 5 evaluated occipital nerve blocks, 2 each for facet joint injections and deep cervical plexus blocks, and 1 study each evaluated atlantoaxial (AA) joint injections, cervical epidural injection, and cryoneurolysis. Most of the studies reported pain reduction except 2 studies on RFA. In conclusion, based on the available literature, occipital nerve blocks, cervical facet joint injection, AA joint injection, deep cervical plexus block, cervical epidural injection may be reasonable options in refractory cases of CeH. RFA was found to have favorable long-term outcomes, while better safety has been reported with pulsed therapy. However, our review revealed only limited evidence, and more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide more conclusive evidence.

Study of Aetiological and Endoscopic Profile of Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed in North East India - A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Upper Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is one of the common complaints with which patients present to casualty. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aetiological spectrum of UGIB is variable in different geographical regions. Our study aimed to analyse the aetiology, endoscopic profile, mortality, Rockall score and predictors of mortality in patients with UGIB, in North East India. METHODSThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Assam Medical College and Hospital in North East India. We enrolled patients with age 12 years and above, who were admitted between July 2019 and January 2020 with a history suggestive of UGIB. Demographic data of the patients was collected, after which they underwent clinical examination, and upper GI endoscopy. Mean ± standard deviation was used to express continuous variables. Frequency and percentage were used to express categorical variables. Test of significance for qualitative data was assessed by Chi-square test (for 2 x 2 tables). P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTSWe analysed 117 patients diagnosed with UGIB [80.34 % male, 19.60 % female], ratio of male to female of [4.08:1] was seen. The most common symptom was melena 87 patients (74.15 %), endoscopy finding showed that 48.71 % had oesophageal and / or gastric varices, 26.49 % had peptic ulcers, 17.94 % had gastric erosions / duodenal erosions / erosive gastritis, 1.7 % had Mallory-Weiss tear, 1.7 % had gastric malignancy, 1.7 % had GJ stoma bleed, 1.7 % had both oesophageal varices and peptic ulcer disease. Partial gastric outlet obstruction was observed in peptic ulcer disease in 2 patients (6.45 % of total peptic ulcer disease patients). 73.75 % patients had Rockall score < 5 and 26.49 % patients had Rockall score > 6. H. pylori infection (assessed by RUT) was an independent predictor of upper GI bleed in both variceal and non-variceal bleed [p < 0.001]. The mortality in our study was 7.69 %. Predictors of mortality in the study population were, patients with variceal bleed [p = < 0.001], Rockall score > 6 [p = 0.013], and chronic liver disease [p < 0.001]. The average duration of hospital admission of the study population is about 4.6 + / - 0.4 days. CONCLUSIONSThe study reported oesophageal varices was the most common cause of UGIB, followed by peptic ulcer in North East India. H. pylori was an independent predictor of both variceal and non-variceal bleed. Partial gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) was one of the common benign complication of peptic ulcer disease. Variceal bleed, Rockall score > 6, chronic liver disease were predictors of mortality.

Unilateral Lung Hypoplasia - A Rare Presentation in Adulthood

Lung hypoplasia is one of the developmental anomalies of the lung parenchyma, in which there is a decrease in the number and size of airways, alveoli and vessels. Here is a case of 36-year-old female with a history of fever, cough with expectoration, dyspnoea, with past history of similar complaints suggestive of recurrent respiratory infections. Chest x ray revealed homogenous opacity in left chest. HRCT thorax set the diagnosis of left pulmonary hypoplasia with compensatory hyperinflation of right lung. Patient was treated conservatively and was advised follow up. Lung hypoplasia majority of the times diagnosed immediately after birth, it is associated with severe respiratory failure and high mortality rate. There are less severe, unilateral forms in which they usually survive with compensatory hyperinflation of the opposite lung and may not be diagnosed till adulthood. Patients usually does not have any symptoms, but patients may present with symptoms suggestive of chronic bronchitis and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. HRCT thorax helps to differentiate it from other congenital or acquired conditions. Treatment will be conservative, surgical resection is indicated in cases with severe cystic changes and severe symptoms.Lung hypoplasia comes under the spectrum of developmental anomalies of lung, which causes incomplete development of lung tissue with decrease in the total number of lung cells, airways and alveoli, which finally leads to reduction in lung size and weight. It may be unilateral or bilateral and can lead to severe respiratory failure and death immediately after birth, which is one of the common causes of perinatal mortality.1The less severe forms of lung hypoplasia can survive and may not be diagnosed till adulthood, many of the times in asymptomatic patients it is detected as an incidental finding on radiological imaging, or while investigating for recurrent respiratory tract infections. HRCT thorax is the diagnostic tool of choice.2 Here we present a case report of a 36-year-old female patient, with unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia and history of recurrent respiratory tract infections since last 10 years.

Anaemia Prevalence Pattern among Pregnant Women in India -An Analysis of National Family Health Survey-IV.

Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population. Anaemia in India is recognized as a severe public health problem based on the population-specific Hb threshold value ≥40%. Data from NFHS 2, 3, and 4, indicated that about 50 percent of pregnant women in India were anaemic and among the South Asian countries, India has the highest prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. The present analysis of NFHS 4 survey data is undertaken to understand the anaemia prevalence pattern in India and important factors contributing to it.METHODSThe present analysis has been carried out by using NFHS 4 survey datasets conducted during the year 2015-16 among 32,428 women aged 15 - 49 years who were pregnant during or within 5 years before survey. The data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22.RESULTSThe mean age of pregnant women was 24.7 years ± 4.874. Majority (72.7 percent) of women was in the age group 20-29 years; the average age at 1st birth was 20.9 ± 3.383 years. 1.4 percent of pregnant women were severely anaemic, 24.5 percent moderately, 23.7 percent mildly anaemic and remaining 50.4 percent were without anaemia. The mean haemoglobin level among the pregnant women is 10.9 g/dL. Interstate variation was observed in anaemia prevalence.CONCLUSIONSThe present observation will add to our knowledge and helps in designing interventions addressing the different dimensions of anaemia prevalence.

Comparative evaluation of caudal tramadol and fentanyl when mixed with bupivacaine in paediatric age group

Background: A caudal block is commonly performed block for postoperative analgesia pediatric surgeries. Duration can be enhanced by addition drugs like fentanyl, tramadol, clonidine midazolam etc to local anesthetics helps in decreasing the requirement of postoperative analgesics. This study was conducted to assess the analgesic efficacy of tramadol or fentanyl when mixed with bupivacaine in pediatric patients for surgeries below the umbilicus.Methods: Fifty children of ASA I and ASA status, between 2 to 12 years of age, of both sexes underwent elective surgeries below umbilicus were selected and randomly divided into groups of 25 each. One Group, T (n = 25) received 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with tramadol 1mg/ kg and other Group F (n = 25) received 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with Inj fentanyl 1μg/kg. Assessment of analgesia and any side effects after caudal injection to the first administration of analgesia were recorded for both the groups in next 24 hours following objective pain scores. Duration of analgesia and requirement of additional rescue analgesics was noted.Results: The Mean duration of analgesia recorded longer in Group T (18.26±6.1 hours) as compared to Group F (10.0+/- 2.68 hrs.) and no significant haemodynamic changes or adverse effect noted between 2 groups.Conclusions: Addition of tramadol, 1mg/kg to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal anesthesia in children undergoing surgeries below umbilicus, enhances and prolongs postoperative analgesia compared to caudal fentanyl 1μg/kg and bupivacaine 0.25% alone.

An Undiagnosed Case of Epilepsy for 13 Years Presenting in Status Epilepticus.

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological diseases globally is a chronic non-communicable disease that affects people of all ages. Around 50 million people worldwide are suffering from epilepsy at present. The risk of premature death is up to three times higher than that of general population. Up to 70% of the people living with epilepsy could live seizure- free if properly diagnosed and treated.[1] General examination is more often missed in an epilepsy patient or seizure disorder patient, but unfortunately it plays an important role when diagnosis is concerned. Here we mention a case report of 14 year old girl suffering from epilepsy, who remains undiagnosed for 13 years with characteristics clinical and radiological features of Tuberous sclerosis.Tuberous sclerosis is a type of true phakomatoses (congenital neuroectodermoses). As the name suggests it mainly affects the CNS and cutaneous system. It is characterised by development of benign tumours affecting brain, skin, retina, visceras and cutaneous changes. It is an autosomal dominant disorder but with variable penetrance in which a variety of lesions in the skin, kidney, heart, nervous system and other organs. Bourneville's articles (between 1880- 1900), presented the first systematic features of the disease and related the cerebral lesions to those of skin of the face. It is equally frequent in all the races and in both the sexes.[2] The incidence is estimated to be 1 case per 6000 live birth, with a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 births.[3] The mutation occurs either in one of the two sites-the long arm of chromosome known as TSC 1 (Hamartin), or in the short arm of chromosome 16 known as TSC 2 (tuberin). Because of mosaicism approximately 15% of sporadic cases show no identifiable mutation and tend to have milder manifestations. In a study conducted on 325 TSC individuals, 17% of the mutations were found in the TSC1 gene, 50% in the TSC2 gene, 4% unclassified variants, and 29% with no identifiable mutations.[4] The disease is basically a triad of epilepsy, developmental delay and adenoma sebaceum known as ″EPILOIA″.[2] Here we present a case report of 14 year old female patient with clinical and radiological features of TSC

Socio-demographic determinants and modern family planning usage pattern-an analysis of National Family Health Survey-IV data

Background: India, which accounts for world's 17.5 percent population, is the second most populous country in the world next only to China (19.4%). The major objective of the NFHS surveys has been to strengthen India’s demographic and health database, to anticipate and meet the country’s needs for data on emerging health and family welfare issues. The objectives of the study were to study the different background characteristics of women adopting different family planning methods and to analyze the associated socio-demographic factors..Methods: Secondary data analysis of NFHS 4 datasets obtained from DHS program portal. Appropriate statistical testing of associated socio-demographic variables done and interpreted accordingly.Results: Out of total 63696 couples, 99.2% women and 98.6% men knew modern method of contraception, 48.6% were currently using modern method of contraception and 7.4% traditional method. The majority (34%) women adopted female sterilization as current method of contraception. There is interstate variation in the contraceptive prevalence rate highest (80.60%) in Chandigarh compared to least (26.64%) in Goa. There is significant association observed between place of residence, religion, wealth index, women education, education of husband towards current contraceptive use.Conclusions: About 45% of population increase is contributed by births above two children per family. The adoption of appropriate method of contraception by couples made available through quality family planning services and empowering women by proper behavior change communication will help improve the present contraceptive prevalence rate especially among the vulnerable groups.

Transradial access for coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures: Consensus statement and recommendations for India: Advancing Complex CoronariES Sciences through TransRADIAL intervention in India – ACCESS RADIAL™: Clinical consensus recommendations in collaboration with Cardiological Society of India (CSI)

Radial access for cardiac catheterization and intervention in India has been growing steadily over the last decade with favorable clinical outcomes. However, its usage by interventional cardiologists varies greatly among Indian operators and hospitals due to large geographic disparities in health care delivery systems and practice patterns. It also remains unclear whether the advantages, as well as limitations of transradial (TR) intervention (as reported in the western literature), are applicable to developing countries like India or not. An evidence-based review involving various facets of radial procedure for cardiac catheterization, including practical, patient-related and technical issues was conducted by an expert committee that formed a part of Advancing Complex CoronariES Sciences through TransRADIAL intervention (ACCESS RADIAL™) Advisory Board. Emerging challenges in redefining TR management based on evidence supporting practices were discussed to formulate these final recommendations through consensus.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activities and antibiotic susceptibility profiling of culturable actinobacteria from fresh water streams

Actinobacteria are major producers of antibiotics, industrially significant enzymes and many pharmaceutically important biologically active compounds. Twenty two actinobacterial strains were isolated from fresh water stream sediment samples of Murlen National Park, Mizoram, India. The actinobacterial strains were screened against antifungal pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium udum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum ciceri and Fusarium graminearum), and antibacterial activities against five bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) and a yeast pathogen Candida albicans. All strains showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and F. proliferatum. Based on the results of antagonistic, antibacterial and anti-yeast, two most potent strains Kocuria sp. and Streptomyces intermidus were further evaluated for their antibiotics susceptibility activity against 21 different antibiotics. Kocuria sp. showed resistance to 10 antibiotics whereas Streptomyces intermidus was resistance to 15 antibiotics. Modular genes Polyketide Synthase (PKS II) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) were also detected in these two strains, which might be responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. Two volatile compounds, Di-N-octyl phthalate and 1-Bromo-3, 7-Dimethyloctane were identified from the extract of Streptomyces intermidus BPSWAC29 strain using Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study highlights the promise of discovering novel actinobacteria with antimicrobial activity from underexplored niche biotopes such as fresh water stream sediments.

Factors Influencing Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Prospective Study

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar spine surgery and identify the risk factors associated with the development of POUR. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: POUR following surgery can lead to detrusor dysfunction, urinary tract infections, prolonged hospital stay, and a higher treatment cost; however, the risk factors for POUR in spine surgery remain unclear. METHODS: A prospective, consecutive analysis was conducted on patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar surgery in the form of lumbar discectomy, lumbar decompression, and single-level lumbar fusions during a 6-month period. Patients with spine trauma, preoperative neurological deficit, previous urinary disturbance/symptoms, multiple-level fusion, and preoperative catheterization were excluded from the study. Potential patient- and surgery-dependent risk factors for the development of POUR were assessed. Univariate analysis and a multiple logistical regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 687 patients underwent posterior lumbar spine surgery during the study period; among these, 370 patients were included in the final analysis. Sixty-one patients developed POUR, with an incidence of 16.48%. Significant risk factors for POUR were older age, higher body mass index (BMI), surgery duration, intraoperative fluid administration, lumbar fusion versus discectomy/decompression, and higher postoperative pain scores (p < 0.05 for all). Sex, diabetes, and the type of inhalational agent used during anesthesia were not significantly associated with POUR. Multiple logistical regression analysis, including age, BMI, surgery duration, intraoperative fluid administration, fusion surgery, and postoperative pain scores demonstrated a predictive value of 92% for the study population and 97% for the POUR group. CONCLUSIONS: POUR was associated with older age, higher BMI, longer surgery duration, a larger volume of intraoperative fluid administration, and higher postoperative pain scores. The contribution of postoperative pain scores in the multiple regression analysis was a significant predictor of POUR.

Modified two flap palatoplasty in asymptomatic transsphenoidal encephalocele: a case report

About one-third of patients with transsphenoidal basal encephaloceles have associated congenital anomalies, including cleft palate. Moreover, they are often plagued by symptomatic exacerbations in the form of upper respiratory obstructions, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningitis, etc., with few patients being asymptomatic. We herein present a rare asymptomatic case of transsphenoidal basal encephalocele in an 18-month-old child with cleft palate and highlight a modified version of two-flap palatoplasty.

A Prospective Study to Analyze the Accuracy of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in differentiating causes of acute right lower quadrant pain in women of childbearing age by taking surgical outcome as the gold standard. Methods: The descriptive, analytical study was conducted at the Lord Buddha Medical College, Saharsa, from July to November 2014 to April 2015, and comprised female patients of childbearing age who presented with acute right lower quadrant pain and underwent surgery after ultrasonography. Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled in our study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 (70%) patients were symptomatically and sonographically positive to have either acutely inflamed non-compressible appendix or focal fluid collection in right lower quadrant with normal pelvic viscera. Sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84% were calculated. Conclusion: Ultrasound had a sensitivity and specificity justifying its usage as a good diagnostic tool in emergency situations to avoid undue surgical interventions.

A Retrospective study on incidence of male mammography in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Awareness of early breast cancer detection in women through mammography study (diagnostic as well as screening) for a diagnostic and direct approach to cross society (screening) with an early detection of breast cancer. But incidentally or coincidentally, so many males underwent the Mammography. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 45 males aged 15-75 years, who underwent mammography procedures co-incidentally, during well planned study of early detection of breast cancer for women through mammography for the duration of6 months at the Lord Buddha Medical College, Saharsa. Results: Even though relatively seems to be small in number, is having lots of significance to that, as only a few researchers carry out this type of study and Men hardly go for Mammography and even Medical fraternity hardly refers male for mammography. A total of 45 patients that too Men underwent mammography (an X-ray base technique to detect early breast lesions and mainly breast cancer) along with high frequency Sonography of each and every patient was carried out. Our study of 45 patients nearly showed the 3 patients having very high suspicions of malignancy means nearly 8% (Even though breast cancer in male is usually of 1%). Conclusion: So this retrospective analytical study conclude that even though routine mammography screening (In female every year) is not required in the male, but definitely it will be an a useful tool in patients having any type of complain related with breast like pain, enlargement or both, may help a lot to diagnose breast lesions like calcification, gynecomastia and breast cancer in early stage.

Tongue-lip adhesion in Pierre Robin sequence

Patients with Pierre Robin sequence exhibit varying degrees of airway obstruction and feeding difficulty. In some patients, airway obstruction may be profound, warranting surgical intervention to maintain a patent airway. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of the tongue-lip adhesion procedure for the management of airway obstruction in such patients compared to the currently available options.